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الجمعة، 3 أغسطس 2018

A Look at What It Was Like to Operate the Lightning Network’s Largest Node

Compiling a Lightning Network Node
The Lightning Network is a second layer payment protocol that many people believe can solve Bitcoin Core’s (BTC) scalability problem. The reason for this is because the LN system works on top of the BTC chain and because of this factor there would be fewer on-chain transactions. Essentially the system comprises a great number of participating nodes that can send transactions through bidirectional payment channels. Alongside this, there’s been a ferocious debate over the years because people have touted LN as the solution for BTC’s congested mempool, even though the network is very much in its infancy.

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Just recently we reported on the owner of Shitcoin.com, Andreas Brekken, when he initially freaked everyone out with a couple hundred grand worth of BTC sitting within his LN node. Both the BTC and Bitcoin Cash (BCH) communities had discussed the subject heavily during the first few days, and Brekken’s story made headlines in multiple news publications and podcasts. Since then Brekken wrote four reviews about his experience being the largest node on the Lightning Network. In Brekken’s first review “Lightning Network #1 Can I Compile and Run a Node,” the review gives some comprehensive insight to successfully installing and configuring the ‘lnd’ protocol. The author notes that the ‘autopilot’ feature helps establish a connection and provides funding to the payment channels.

A Look at What Its Like to Operate the Lightning Network's Largest Node
Brekken compiling lnd, bitcoind, and bitcoin core.
A Look at What Its Like to Operate the Lightning Network's Largest Node

Brekken explains there are a few reviews online that detail the Lightning Network’s probability of finding routes, but people who experience issues may be making a simple error. Furthermore, even though the installation process took a lot of time because it requires compiling a BTC full node installation, Brekken details the process was fairly simple to configure.

“Writers critical of Lightning Network claim the probability of finding routes between two random nodes is very low for amounts over $10. I suspect this is because they are choosing random nodes and not peering properly,” Brekken explains.

Compiling, installing, and running Lightning Network Daemon, lnd, was straight forward. I look forward to using payment channels for sending and receiving bitcoin. 

A Look at What Its Like to Operate the Lightning Network's Largest Node
Brekken makes headlines for being the largest LN node.
Shitcoin.com Becomes the Lightning Network
In part two of Brekken’s review, he says maintaining a payment hub is becoming stressful and routing doesn’t make that much money. “When I started writing the review the total capacity of the Lightning Network was slightly over 20 BTC (around $130,000) — I decide to shake things up,” Brekken notes. “Reactions to my experiment on social media are mixed. The increase in capacity of the Lightning Network is celebrated by some.”

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A Look at What Its Like to Operate the Lightning Network's Largest Node
Brekken’s Shitcoin.com node held 35.24 BTC.
“My Lightning Network node has established over 200 payment channels with 250 peers. The node capacity is exceeding 40 bitcoin. The month_fee_sum comes to 4289 satoshis, or 0.00004289 bitcoin ($0.31). I also wonder how any payments have been routed,” he adds.

The node has routed 260 payments for other users, averaging a profit of $0.0012 USD per transaction. I doubt that this will cover the costs of running the node, but leave the node running for now.

LN Impractical Even for Highly Technical Users
Brekken’s third review, called “Lightning Network #3 Paying for Goods and Services,” shows his experiences sending payments through the network. First Brekken heads over to a website called Satoshitweet to pay a small microtransaction for a posted tweet on the platform. However, after clicking the ‘Pay 2020 satoshis’ to tweet button he gets an error. “I click the button a few more times — The error remains the same — I look in the Google Chrome network inspector and SatoshiTweet is returning a generic 500 Internal Server Error response.”

The review then discusses trying to use an LN-based dice game called ‘Lightning Spin’ but Brekken has issues with the site glitching and invoices changing rapidly. After resetting his browser and getting a stable invoice Brekken sends some funds. “The payment will be sent through two hops and pay 1800 msats (0.00000002 BTC or 0.000135 USD). Back in the web browser the spin has been detected and I have won 400,000 sats (0.004 BTC or $30 USD).”

A Look at What Its Like to Operate the Lightning Network's Largest Node
Brekken wins $30 bucks on Lightning Spin.
After playing around with Lightning Spin, Brekken tests out various other LN web portals like the Blockstream store, Bitrefill and Satoshi’s Place while experimenting with both the Eclair and Zap wallets. Minus an order for Reddit Gold on the website Bitrefill and Brekken’s win on Lightning Spin, most of the attempts had errors. Brekken concludes in his third review:

Sending payments using the Lightning Network is cheaper than the regular Bitcoin network, but suffers from routing errors and wallet bugs that make it impractical even for highly technical users.

A Look at What Its Like to Operate the Lightning Network's Largest Node
Shitcoin.com makes its mark on the pixel site Satoshi’s Place.
Stressing Out About a Possible Lightning Network Exploit
Brekken wraps up his final review in his Medium article called, “Lightning Network #4 What Happens When You Close Down Half of the Lightning Network Capacity?” Brekken says operating the largest nodes within LN was fun, but also “terrifying” at times. Brekken’s node has routed 389 payments in total which added up to a profit of USD$0.34 cents. But a portion of the funds didn’t come from routing as Brekken notes, “I suspect the increase is mostly from the recent increase in bitcoin’s price.” Brekken also tries to close the connected channels manually but ran into some more errors making some channels unable to close.

A Look at What Its Like to Operate the Lightning Network's Largest Node


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So Brekken ‘force closed’ all his channels unilaterally which locks up his funds until a predetermined amount of time ends. “The amount of time the funds are locked up depends on the channel policy — This policy is negotiated when the channel opens. Most channels will release the funds to me in between 1440 and 20180 minutes,” Brekken emphasizes.

The Shitcoin.com owner concludes his fourth review by saying he looks forward to trying LN when it matures more and says that leaving funds on the network can be trying.  

“Running a large Lightning Network node has been quite stressful — An exploit such as we saw with heartbleed could allow an attacker to drain all funds from the node while I’m sleeping. It’s time to end the experiment,” Brekken concludes.  

Operating the largest node on the Bitcoin Lightning Network has been educational, frustrating, fun, and at times terrifying. I look forward to trying it again once the technology matures.

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What do you think about Brekken’s reviews of the Lightning Network? Do you think the technology will help scaling issues? Or do you think the technology will be centralized and not efficient enough to help with scaling? Let us know what you think about Brekken’s reviews in the comment section below.

Gallup Poll: 75% of US Investors Think Bitcoin Is 'Very Risky'

Three-quarters of U.S. investors with more than $10,000 in stocks, bonds and mutual funds think bitcoin is a "very risky" investment, a new survey revealed Monday.
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A poll conducted by Gallup and Wells Fargo asked U.S.-based investors about their views on bitcoin, finding that just 2 percent currently own any and more than 70 percent "have no interest in ever buying bitcoin." A further 26 percent are "intrigued" but do not plan to purchase any in the near future, the poll found.

The poll surveyed nearly 2,000 adults in the U.S. who have invested either in a retirement savings account or through another type of account, according to Gallup. It was conducted over the course of a week in early May.

The survey found that bitcoin's perceived riskiness is the primary reason few investors are holding the cryptocurrency. While 75 percent considered bitcoin to be "very risky," less than 0.5 percent (or less than 10 people surveyed) thought bitcoin was "not risky at all." Only 2 percent thought bitcoin was "not too risky," with the remaining 23 percent thinking of bitcoin as being at least "somewhat risky."
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Another reason for the lack of interest might come from bitcoin's limited popularity as only 29 percent of investors surveyed in the poll say they knew anything about cryptocurrencies.

In addition, the statistics show that the perception of bitcoin varies among investors in different age and gender.
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"Men and younger investors are far more likely than women and seniors to say they know something about bitcoin or other digital currencies," the pollsters wrote.

Just 3 percent of men and 1 percent of women said they owned bitcoin, with 3 percent of those aged 18 to 49 and 1 percent aged 50 or older.
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"For now, most investors are on the sidelines, knowing little to nothing about bitcoin," the pollsters concluded. "Few are already invested in it, and even fewer plan to jump in soon."

Novogratz's Galaxy Digital Will Start Trading on a Stock Exchange This Week

Cryptocurrency merchant bank Galaxy Digital is set to trade on Toronto's TSX Venture Exchange on August 1, Bloomberg reported Monday.

The cryptocurrency merchant bank, which was first announced in January, received final approval from Canadian regulators to begin trading, founder and billionaire investor Michael Novogratz told BNN Bloomberg Toronto. He called the process to receive permission "frustrating," citing the time it took to receive this approval.

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He added:

"If I knew what I know now, knew the crypto markets were going to swoon as much, and it was going to take so long, I might have stayed private for another year or so and then gone public. But I don't think it's a mistake."

Galaxy Digital lost $134 million in the first quarter of 2018, largely due to declining cryptocurrency prices, the company announced in a quarterly earnings report last week, as CoinDesk previously reported.

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The lengthy listing time came from the fact that  Galaxy Digital chose to undergo a reverse takeover by merging with a TSX-listed shell company. Regulators examined the deal closely, going so far as to push back the final approval for listing from April to August, according to Bloomberg.

That being said, Novogratz believes cryptocurrency prices will rebound, predicting that bitcoin's price might soon see $10,000 again.

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"I think we actually [are] in the bottom of the market. Part of this is the anticipation of an ETF that will hopefully get approved. If that ETF gets approved in a few weeks, we will go to $10,000. I don't think we get through $10,000 cause there is a big ceiling over there," he said.

Investors need more tools to trust the space before the price can go beyond $10,000, he said, explaining that "a lot of retailer investors got caught by bad prices last November and December."

"I don't think we will get through $10,000 until we get custody solutions announced implemented by trusted names," he added.

At the time of writing, Bitcoin is trading around the $8,000 mark, according to CoinDesk's Bitcoin Price Index.

Dubai Plans to 'Disrupt' Its Own Legal System with Blockchain

A Dubai-based international court dealing with civil and commercial disputes in the financial industry is planning to launch what it calls a "Court of the Blockchain" to streamline legal operations.

The Dubai International Financial Center (DIFC) Courts announced on Monday that it is teaming up with the government-backed Smart Dubai initiative to form a task force that will focus on developing the blockchain-based legal platform.

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The DIFC said the goal is to employ a network based on blockchain and smart contracts to allow different courts to share information in a decentralized manner. With the system, it said, the need to carry out manual tasks such as document duplication will be eliminated, bringing a higher level of efficiency to the current system.

As an initial step, the two partners said the task force will focus on an R&D effort to put court judgement data on a blockchain so institutions can verify and share information in real-time for better cross-border law enforcement.

"Future research will combine expertise and resources to investigate handling disputes arising out of private and public blockchains, with regulation and contractual terms encoded within the smart contract," according the the release.

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The effort comes as part of the Dubai's wider push to bring smart innovations to its government operations.

The Smart Dubai Office's director general, Dr Aisha Bint Butti Bin Bishr, explained in today's announcement that Dubai's blockchain strategy "seeks to run 100 percent of applicable government transactions on blockchain by 2020."

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The director general added:

"An invention of this calibre and potential requires an equally disruptive set of rules and an empowered institution to uphold them. This is where our partnership with DIFC Courts comes in, allowing us to work together and create the world's first disruptive court, helping to truly unlock the power of blockchain technology."

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As part of the 2020 project, various government bodies have already announced individual blockchain initiatives.

For instance, in May, the Department of Economic Development announced its plan to develop a commercial business registry platform using blockchain tech. And, last year, the Dubai Immigration and Visas Department also said it was working on blockchain-based passports that could potentially eliminate manual checks at the U.A.E. city's international airport.

Korean Government Seeks to Strip Tax Perks From Crypto Exchanges

Cryptocurrency exchanges in South Korea may soon lose eligibility for significant tax benefits currently granted to smaller companies.

A proposed revision to the existing tax law, announced by the South Korean government on Monday, would exclude crypto exchanges from the category of startups or small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that can claim a tax cut of up to 100 percent, according to CoinDesk Korea.

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Under the existing tax law in the country, startups and SMEs are able to apply for a deduction of 50–100 percent of their income tax or corporate tax in the first five years after their establishment, and 5–30 percent thereafter.

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However, the government appears to have decided that crypto platforms do not justify the benefits, explaining that "cryptocurrency transaction brokerage is not effective in generating added value."

A draft revised bill will be presented to the National Assembly by Aug. 31 for parliamentary debate before a decision will be made on whether and when the updated legislation should take effect.

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That said, the government recently indicated that blockchain startups working on research and development could still be eligible for tax benefits – a move that is part of the government's wider push for helping emerging technologies in the country.

The news marks the latest legislative effort in South Korea that takes a focus on cryptocurrency and tax. According to CoinDesk Korea, the government also announced in May that it would soon establish a cryptocurrency taxation system for investors.

Various other legislative efforts to address aspects of the crypto industry are currently in the works too, with a senior regulator recently urging haste over a bill aimed to govern exchanges.